The Cabuliwallah

The Cabuliwallah   Rabindranath Tagore, India (1861-1941)   BA English, TU

b. write the four level of meaning of the text "The Cabuliwallah".

Literal Comprehension:  This famous story was written by a famous noble prize winner, Rabindranath Tagore. Mini the daughter of writer was very talkative girl of five used to ask many questions to him. Once Mini saw a peddler walking round the street of his house. He was from Afghanistan, Kabul to sell goods in Calcutta. She called him as 'Cabuliwallah'. Then Cabuliwallah came into the house. Mini was afraid of seeing him because her mother taught her that they would carry children in their bags. The writer introduced Mini with Cabuliwallah. After that they started to meet, talk joke and became friends each other. Cabuliwallah used to tease her telling when she was going to her father-in-law's house. She couldn't understand the meaning so she would replay the same to him. Mini's mother was ever negative toward Cabuliwallah's attitude. One morning Mini saw Cabuliwallah arrested by two policemen in the street. She asked him if he was going to his father-in-law's house. After that Mini  forgot about Cabuliwallah who was in jail. Rahman, Cabuliwallah was released from the jail after eight years. Then he wanted to meet his old friend Mini when he came to Mini's house it was decorated and musical because Mini's marriage was going on. Cabuliwallah had taken some fruits as gift to Mini. When he asked to meet Mini with Ragore But the rejected. Later seeing real love of Cabuliwallah who though mini like his own daughter Parrati. He let mini to meet him when Cabuliwallah saw mini in marriage dress  and grown up, he became much surprised. He then asked her if she was going to her father-in-law’s house. Mini  knew the meaning  of that statement and  bowed her bead. Cabuliwallah sat on the floor after Mini went inside. He remembered his  own daughter in cable waiting  her father to get  married. Tagore gave Rs. 100 note asking him to go to Kabul with his missed family.

Interpretation: Though this beautiful story the writer might be trying to tell us about  true friendship, between two strangers. All strangers are not  bad. For true friendship, there  should be touching and  understanding. Between two persons from different cultures countries and ages  there can be real relation like of Mini and CabuliwallaH. We shouldn’t hate others as ‘outsiders’, ‘foreigners’ or ‘others’. Again it might also  be trying to tell that almost all children are inquisitive, talkative and  restless like Mini. People have gone different  places missing a lot  to their families and  friends. So one shouldn’t look others negatively but behave like to brothers and sisters.

Critical Thinking: This story has  imparted a lesson to us it has given a true picture of a friendship between a small girl  and Cabuliwallah. What is the example of true love is clearly given here. Still, some disagreeable points can  be presented raising some questions. Do we all give an unknown foreigner to make friendship with our children? Can  we accept/welcome everyday meet of unknown foreigner to make friendship with  our  children? Can  we accept/welcome everyday meet of unknown person with children? How can there be a trustful relation between a five years child (girl) and aged  Cabuliwallah? The writer has given an idealistic picture. Such picture can’t be found every where in our society. It is not possible always either.

Assimilation: After  reading this story. I completely changed  my attitude  to door to door sellers. Before reading this  story I used to think such sellers as nonhuman and strange persons. I supposed that they were either  beggars or thieves. But now I have realized that the sellers  like Cabuliwallah are like our brothers or uncles. We should respect  them but heat them. Because of compulsion and difficult situations they have gone  in various parts of the world. Now I like to respect them and do good behavior to them. I will never as behave as  foreigners or others. Right from now I have changed my attitude towards them.

c. Write the story. “Cabuliwallah” from the point of view of the  Cabuliwallah.

I Cabuliwallah had come from Kabul to earn some money by selling some goods  house to houses in Calcutta. I had carried a big and boxes of grapes in my hand. One day  I was walking along the street of Master Tagore’s house. A little child called me “Cabuliwallah….” And I went into his house. At first her  with me she wasn’t afraid of me. I though her like my own  daughtersParbati in Cabul. After that I started to tease her when she  was going to her father –in-law’s house. She understood this mean going to jail. She also used to tell me same  that when I was going there.

One morning I was arrested because I had injured a man  in fight  with a knife. Mini came  and asked me if I was going  to my father-in-law’s house. I spent  few years in jail. When I released myself the jail, I went to meet my old friend Mini. In her house a program was  going on. I requested to master tagore to meet Mini, but he ignored at first. When I told the reality he let  Mini to meet me. She was grown up by them. I told her whether she was going to father-in-law’s house. Then she understood its meaning, master Tagore gave me a hundred rupees note asking me to go to my home Kabul to meet my family and daughter. I remembered my daughter parvati and my wife who were waiting for me in Kabul.

d. Write the story, “Cabuliwallah” from the point of view of Mini.

 I am Mini. I was five years old. I was living with my father Rabindranath Tagore. I used to be very talkative and would ask so many questions to my father. One day I saw him walking near my house. I called him Cabuliwallah. I saw him coming inside the house. I was afraid of him because my mother told me that such people would carry little children in their bags. He was wearing very loose clothes carrying a bag and grapes in his hands. He gave me some fruits when my father introduced me with him. We became friends each others after some meetings. Timely he used to ask me whether I was going to my father-in-law’s house. I thought he said about jail by that and I also asked him same question when he was going there.

One morning, I saw him walking along the street of my house with policeman. I didn’t know what wrong he had done. Without knowing anything I asked him whether he was going to his father-in-law’s house. He agreed he was going there in fun. After that I forgot to Cabuliwallah. I grew up and turned into my marriageable age. Once there was my wedding ceremony in my home, Rahman (Cabuliwallah) came to meet me. I came out when my father asked me to meet him. He became very surprised to see me in marriage dress. He asked me whether I was going to my father-in-law’s house by then also. I knew the meaning of father-in-law’s house so I bowed my head down when I knew that well then I knew my father had given him one hundred rupees note asking him to go back to his family where his daughter like me Parvati and his wife were waiting for him.

Marriage is a Private Affair

CROSSCULTURAL BRIDGES

Marriage is a Private Affair

Chinua Achebe, Nigeria (1930-)

This story "Marriage is a private Affair" may betrying to tell us that one must think deeply about one's life in own way for pleasant life because life is meant to belived happily with greater understanding. For example Nnaemeka and Nene in the story deeply thought about their life to live happily with greater understanding. so they thought that marriage is a private affair.

b. Write the four levels of meaning to "Marriage is a Private Affair"

Literal Comprehension: Marriage is a private affair is a suggestive story that talks about private affair of marriage written by famous Nigerian writer, China Achebe. An Ibo boy Nnaemeka fell in love with other triba cosmopolitan girl Nene. He got engaged with her and started to live in Lagos city. Nene was a citi girl who didn't know any culture of remote village. Ibo of Nnaemeka. His father had chosen a girl of their own culture Ugoye, according to his father, she was fitted girl, with menners and culture but Nnaemeka rejected her. When Nneameka told his father okeke about he was going to get married with a Christian girl who was a teacher. Okeke became very much with his son's decision because it was against the system of his Ibo tribe. Okeke didn't speak with Nnaemeka nor had anyfood when he knew his son's engagement with Nene. Different old people and gentlemen came to Ikekey and encouraged him to to against his son. They suggested to get his son checked with witchdoctor. But Okeke denied that idea. But Nene and Nnaemeka were living happier and more comfortable life in Lagos. The villagers brought that message to the Ibo tribe. Almost eight years went by not having any contact between Okeke and his son. Until then Nene had given birth two sons. She wrote a serious letter to Okeke telling that his two grandsons were waiting to see their grandfather very much Okeke had returned  mutilated marriage photo and cosmopolitan Nene sent him before by Nnaemeka. But now the idea of grandsons melted his heart. She also told that Nene wouldn't come to village but Nnaemeka would come with two grandsons. Sooner Okeke realized his mistake not giving invite his son and daughter-in law for eight years in to their home. He regretted for his misbehavior. Sky was clouded and started to rain. Okeke saw a vision that two grandsons were waiting outside in the rain asking to come in. Tears his eyes, Mentally Okeke wanted to invite Nene's family to home by the last part of the story.

Interpretation:  The story "Marriage is Private Affair" might be trying tell us that married life becomes happy and joy if it is done privately and in accordance with personal choice. Life is to live happily and with satisfaction that is possible when marriage is according to individual choice. It is not necessary to get married within own culture like Ibo in this story to live happy married life. If we are superstitious and narrow minded, it brings us tensions and problems. As Okeke denjed accepting his son's private marriage with Nene. he got eight years long tension missing them. Misunderstanding, conflict and sadness are results of narrow mindedness. We should be careful, Qualified and independent then personal choice of marriage can be the best example of marriage. It also may be trying to say that parental love can't be blocked with a single misunderstanding sooner or later they change their mentality like Okeke.

Critical Thinking: Life is to live with joy and happiness. If we are educated and enlightened our life becomes successful and productive. Arranged marriage is not always suitable and best marriage. Private affair is marriage is the best example of marriage according to writer. We can ask some disagreeable points. Has Okeke denied Nene according to Christ's teaching? Aren't all human beings the children of same God? Is arranged marriage always become happy? How can a father reject his son due to misunderstanding of marriage. But love or private affair of of marriage is not always fitted in every situation. If the persons get marriage without complete understanding levels and socio-economic aspects. In arranged marriages than that of private affairs of marriage. Both are not perfect examples of marriage where as both can't be the worst ones. According to person's situations and cultures both marriages can be fitted. Even then private affair of marriage can't be denied at first.

Assimilation: After reading this story I knew that superstitious and back-warded societies are not only in Nepal they be can found all over the world. Okeke is a representative father of most of Nepali uneducated fathers and Ibo culture is one of the back warded cultures of Nepal. Again this story reminded me the love marriage of Keshab and sarita on my village. after passing SLC Keshab fell in love with a Brahmin girl Sarita. There was no change for arranged marriage with her. As a Chhetri boy Keshab got married  with Sarita from a temple and came secretly to Kathmandu. Both Keshab and Sarita parents were angry for three years. After three years Sarita gave birth of daughter Rahana. When the parents heard about granddaughter they change their mentality. They accepted their son and daughter-in-law only after four years. Now Keshab and Sarita are living happily with Rahana and her grandparents.

c. would you say that marriage in Nepal is a private affair?

According to tradition and culture marriage is taken place. Nepal is a traditional society. So, must of the marriages are taken as public affairs or as the arranged marriages. There are different cultures, religions, communities and other groups of people. The marriage systems are different in different cultures. In general we can say that in the village areas, uneducated and traditional societies arranged marriage is becoming popular. Slowly private affair of marriage is popular in Nepal. But we can see difficult life in non-arranged marriages. No doubt, private affair of marriage can be the best marriage system but there must be good understanding, education , sharing and realization.

No we can’t generalize the marriage in Nepal is a private affair. There is still a majority of arranged marriages. Now the marriage process has not become purely private or public affairs. It is relative term. Sometimes the mixed of both systems can be seen in the exercise that is lorrange marriage. Bride or bridegroom  doesn’tdecide the marriage, but their guardians and elder people take part in it. There is concern about economic status, education, culture and social background. Only then marriage process is carried out. After the engagement marriage date is decided. Bridegroom goes to bridges home to get married. Sometimes from temples or public holy places marriages are taken place. Now, in the name of marriage, dowry has played very negative roles in different societies. There is gradual change to purely love or private affair of marriage from public or arranged marriage. There are changes to select their life partners to sons and daughters to some extent. We can’t deny to say that there is pubic affair of marriage in Nepal not private one.

d) “Marriage is Private Affair” resolves around the conflict between Nnaemeka and his father. Discuss.

a. Describe this conflict.

b. Explain the reason for this conflict.

c. Is this conflict ever resolved?

d. Relate a similar conflict in your own experience.

The situation of this essay is like this: Nnaemeka is a son of Okeke who gets married with Nene, a teacher from another culture and settled in the city of Lagos. The old generation of Okeke and young generation of Nnaemeka bring out a conflict between two cultures. The parents were selecting a suitable girl, Ugoye from village, within same cast and standard but the son Nnaekeka was in love with Nene. When Nnaemeka didn't get any support from family about his personal marriage affair he disobeyed the public affair of marriage managed by his parents. thus he defied his old culture.

The conflict in this essay is the conflict between two cultures. The conflict between son and the father becomes a true battle between modern advanced mind and old conservative mind. The young boy of Ibo culture, Nnaemeka brought the conflict with his father making cross-cultural marriage against the will of his parents. Although there are a numbers of scientific developments there are still some dead habits and superstitions which are mostly exercised by Nnanemaka's father, Mrs. and other villagers of Ibo society. The essay raises a question whether the marriage is private affair or public one as a main conflict.

When Nnaemeka has tried to marry a wanted girl Nene, a cosmopolitan girl, he tries to convince his traditional father who is against his marriage. the father doesn't consider the problem of his son. he blindly and blunthy rejects his proposal and never allows his daughter-in-law to go to his house. Nene follows different Christians belief so the father rejects her. He even says he is not going to see her face. He mutilates the photographs and sends back to her. When his son informs him about his already done marriage he becomes much angry that he doesn't eat and speak. He thinks that his son shouldn't marry against his will and against superstitious society. According to his opinion marriage should be public affair. So there is a great conflict between generation gap and two cultures.

The chief reason of this conflict is the marriage done by Nnaemeka is against the conservative will of Okeke. Though he is less superstitious than villagers still it takes some times to have change in his thinking.

The private marriage affairs of Nnaemeka has brought the conflict and quarrel between traditional father and modern son. There is long-term (eight years) gap of communication. The conflict between father and son is a symbolic conflict between whole social conflict of two generations. After eight years of convincing struggle from Nene gradual change comes in the mind  of Okeke as well. Nene informs Okekey about his two handsome lovely grandsons who timely request about meeting cheir grandfather. That concept of grandsons melts the Stony heart of Okeke. There is a symbolic heavy rain and pouring could. By the ladt past the father seems completely in favour of son's family and he has enough place to accept them in his house as members.

In some uneducated societies there are public marriage affairs and such conflicts like Nnaemeka and his father takes place. Some modern developed families don't have such conflict rather marriage is done privately. The writer tells us that marriage is a private affair. The parents shouldn't interfere their conscious sons and daughters in case of marriage. They shouldn't be narrow minded, because cast and colour discrimination is very bad thing for progress prosperity of family and society. Even the writer says that love is not bound by any caste and religion. Time and awareness solve all kinds of conflicts. One must think about his/her own way for pleasant and happy life. Since marriage is a relation between a male and a female they marry, settle down and live together according to their choice. If two boy and girl are in love and they have understood every responsibility they are better to marry each other.

TV Can Be A Good Parent

                                                 TV Can Be A Good Parent

Ariel Gore, USA(1970-)

The writer never supports the idea of sticking to TV. It's a blessing to single woman and without economic support and child care assistant stop watching television is impossible. So TV programs can't be avoided unless $75 per month and assistant to look after children are managed.

b. write the four levels of interacting with the text to "TV Can Be A Good  Parent".

Literal comprehension: American /academy of Pediatric (AAP) is giving guidelines for parents telling that letting kids under 2 years old to watch TV is harmful. Writer defends this idea telling that television set can be a good parent to single parent family where the parent has to go job leaving children at home. There is no one taking care of children. In 1970s, the writer's mother called TV as "boob tubes" when she was small. She herself now has become mother and has to go to job leaving her daughter with TV. That has become an injustice according to AAP. No doubt, small kids should have lost of direct interactions with their parents and caregivers. The children should be discouraged from watching much TV. She says direct interactions with people is far better than anything. Her daughter Maca is let in front of various TV programs because she has to go for job. Some programs like “Blues clues” make interactive kids not passive ones. A survey shows that parents having direct interaction and more time spending with their children is better than anything to them. Through direct interaction with people is better TV set can be like parent I special condition where parent can’t give time to children. Better nurturing (care) of children can’t give with direct care, interactions with someone but all single parents can’t give so much time to their children due to difficult economic problems. What is needed is providing much more educational programs and ending of culture of war and violence. For this, the government should provide salaries to all housewives. So, they can spend maximum time with their children and can give them lost of love care, interactions etc. until such management is provided TV set is by compulsion becomes of parent or co-parent.

Interpretation: This essay is trying to tell us about the condition when TV becomes like co-parent. AAP has blamed the parents letting their children hanging over TV set. but the government has not paid any attention on what are the economic problems and compulsion single mothers/single parents facing. Despite of AAP's blame the writer defends that watching TV is not  going to   kill them or make them dumb. All the TV programs are not harmful. Everything is relative so , TV is neither hundred percent good nor bad either. Educational and creative programs become productive and play the role like of parents to those children's parents who have to go for work. This creative solution of providing salary for housewife is the special condition of single mother.

Critical Thinking:  The writer's presentation in this essay is very much creative. She is not telling that TV is the best tool for children. She is also telling that direct interaction and attachment of parents is better to their children. Her logic is totally acceptable. AAP blame against children's right can be implemented only when the government has provided salary to those single mothers. TV can't be banned soon because TV has become parent to such children. TV channels must be educational. unbiased and should always not be used for commercial purpose. Can we manage a TV set every child? is it good always letting children in front of TV set? Can we really replace TV set in place of parents? Can TV provide love affection, attachment and support as parents do? Even then the logic of writer about economic problem and her solution is not questionable.

Assimilation: This essay touched me a lot. Before reading this text I didn't know at all about what is the meaning of direct interaction with people. Sitting with TV and with real human being was same to me. But after reading this essay, I knew that watching TV carelessly and too much is harmful. We must be careful while watching TV. Again we should give maximum time to our children The best investment we can do with children is to spend as much time as we can with them.

c. How can a TV be a good parent?

Parent is a person who takes care of us. He loves us and fulfills our desires and always tries to keep us satisfied. Living with our parents we feel happy and safe. parents teach us what is good and what is bad. They also guide us what to do and what not to do. They hope on us to make a famous person and make a dream on us. Their every time prayer becomes how to make their children successful, happy talented and on the right track. Parents become ready to do any hard work to give us good question, clothes and quality life. Again, there is a question How can a TV be a good parents? TV can never be purely just like real parents. No doubt TV programs may keep the children happy and satisfied for sometimes. Children spend their time sitting in front of TV. They can be lulled by various activities done on the TV screen. But parental love, care talks, supports like things can not be compared with TV shows. Even than we can't reject that some of the TV programs are educational and more creative. Sometimes, the TV looking children become more talented that others. In case of writer of this essay "TV can be a good parent" TV plays an important role. In a family of single parent who has to go for work then TV must be in place of parent by compulsion. It is compulsion of single parents' children to spend their maximum time in front of TV instead of with real parent. According to the situation TV can be like a good parent but not like the real or biological parent as a whole.

Smarter Kids, Brought to You by the letters T and V

Smarter Kids, Brought to You by the letters T and V

Dimitri A. Chistakis, Greece(1937-)

(Washington Post, December 2006)

This lesson has provided a very balanced view of the both negative and positive impact of TV. On the small kids. However there are some points which are not agreeable. Is it true that TV. Viewing doesn't cause vision problem? Is watching TV harmful to children's cognitive development? Does it rally create problems in children Except these questions, the easy is really convincing and a veritable gold mine for the dynamic readers.

b. Write the summary of the essay "Smarter Kinds, Brought to you by the Letters T and V".

as one of the modern digital devices TV has separated parents from their children. The survey of 1961 shows that the starting period of watching TV for American children was from 3 years. Now they have started to watch from 9 month. parents don't sit with their children and take care about what programs the children are watching. The writer has corrected different false myths about TV and given what is the actual truth on the basis of researches. Bad eyesight is not due to over watching TV is his claim.

1.      The first myth is TV makes kids dumb, which is not true. The intellectual and good programs on TV have given better quality of knowing numbers, letters and shapes than those who have not watched TV from 3 to 5 years. Educational programs like " Blues Clues' make children more creative.

2.      TV makes kids violent: A number of studies have proved that mostly the children who watch violent and sexual based programs make them more aggressive. There is link between nature of programs and behaviors of children. By nature when children are crazy for such violent programs, they are turned to be violent, angry and more aggressive as an age factor.

3.      Educational Videos make infants smarter: The results of researches have proved that those children who watched TV before three years have scored worst in tests of letters and numbers. Because watching TV before 3 years old delayed the child ability to develop language skill.

4.      Sitting around watching television-instead of paying outside makes kids overweight: Actually, only sitting and watching TV programs do not make kids overweight. Same children who sit long time for reading also don't make overweight. the actual reason is that those children who watch TV watch almost 70 percent advertisements for food products. Non of these junk foods are healthy. sitting in front of TV children have (eat) about 170 more calories per day. that is the main cause of children becoming overweight.

5.      Television helps kids get to sleep: The survey informs just opposite of this is true. the more children watch Television, the more irregular sleep they have. Not having should sleep becomes a problem where television can't be the solution. Such children can’t sleep well because three- fourths of children sleep before going to bed.

6.      Kids watch too much Television: The problem is not children watching too much TV but what they watch and how they watch it. If the parents sit with children and watch programs together, there is less chance to have negative effects of programs on children. But in American context, there is single TV set for each young member. Parents don't care what they are watching. If they are harmful and violent programs  could be controlled to their children watching together.

c. What is the interpretation of this essay "Smarter Kids Brought to You…"?

This essay "Smarter Kids……" might be trying to tell us about both the negative and the positive aspects of TV on the small kids depending who use it and how do they use it. If educational and informative programs are watched, the children become smarter ones. But if they are shown violent, false and sexualized programs that make them negative aggressive and violent. This essay also requests to all parents to pay attention what their kids watch and how they watch TV.

The writer has presented the ideas about watching TV for kids so critically that neither he has said watching TV is good nor bad. He has given various historical data and all authentic surveys and has corrected some of the misconceptions about TV. He has set new myths in place of old ones. He has focused on 6 critical points and has given what is the truth about them. The basic intension of the writer seems to give the ideas that watching TV for smaller kids/ children can be both constructive one. Thus, selecting educational and quality programs and regular paying attention from guardians (parents) to children can be the best. In this situation TV can be the best tool to make smarter quicker and intelligent kids from watching TV. If not TV can be curse as well.

Curbing the one Eyed Monster

Curbing the one Eyed Monster

Fiona C. Jenkins

New Zealand (1947-)

So please, oh, please, we beg, we, pray,

Go throw your TV set away, and in its place you can install A lovely bookshelf on the will

b. Write four levels of meanings to "Curbing the One Eyed Monster"

Literal Comprehension: this essay is written in American context in particular and all over the world in general. Few rich people control most of American TV stations. They have TV as the means to earn money by presenting different false advertisements. By using TV they are elected giving false ideas to people. Though some educated American opposed TV but they can’t do so because they think TV as a hurricane, which can't be escaped from. TV only shows about junk food, false ideas, half-information or reality in pieces. By using TV programs the rich people make people to think what they want. BY using money they give false ideas and earn more money. Any types of people can't be free from the false propagandas. TV normally gives shallow values and beliefs. There are Thousandsof violent events and accidents faced by children so they turn to be violent. There is only way to be safe from this poison of TV set is boycotting (not using) it. We should throw TV set from out home/room and put a good bookshelf in its place. Creative works like reading, arts, music, etc can be done instead of watching TV.

Interpretation: Through this easy the essayist might be focusing us to be away from bad intoxication of TV. TV hardly presents core truth, so we don’t live in real world. We live in the world of illusions made by such false advertisements. We should boycott from using it rather creative works like reading, music, art, etc. can be done instead. WE should always be clear about what is real culture and what is the false culture shown in the TV set. We should be alert to select good or real aspects because originality is not given on the TV programs. The crux of this essay is to stop watching TV that can be the best solution.

Critical thinking: Through this easy is focusing on both the uses and misuses of TV it has not given equal credit to advantage of it. If we make productive use of TV, selectively and carefully, we can get a numbers of profits. TV, politics, love like things themselves are not bad but bad players or users make them polluted and useless. Can we live up to date and intellectual life without watching TV? Will people stop watching TV? Will they throw TV set rally? IF we all avoid using TV: How can we know about world events, history and ancient cultures, etc? Can’t we make the best use of TV selecting more informative and productive or intellectual programs? Is throwing TV is final solution.

Assimilation: When I completed reading this easy, I changed my attitude towards advertisements and some of the programs given on the TV set. Before reading it I used to believe almost all commercial advertisements and propagandas brocast on TV set. I used to think TV would provide100% reality. TV programs are doing public services and developmental activities. I knew that some rich people are using black money and modify the truth. They make TV as the business tool of earning more money befooling public, I won't throw TV set as it is said in the essay rather I will trust only limited programs. I should not kill my valuable time in watching worthless and non-creative advertisements and channels but I will use it selectively.

National News : Nepal

          Child dies falling from roof

          Dang, June 3: An eight-year-old child Aditya Yadav died after he fell from the roof of the hospital's quarter while playing. Yadav, son of Dr Jit Narayan Yadav of Rapti Sub-Regional Hospital, fell off the roof of doctor's quarter last evening.

          Hospital's Medical Superintendent Dr Janardan Panthi confirmed that the boy fell from the roof all of a sudden while playing.

          Yadav, critically hurt after the incident, breathed his last while receiving treatment.

Suspension bridge constructed over Ritung Rivulet

Babiyachaur (Myagdi), June 3: A suspension bridge has been constructed over the Ritung Rivulet at the adjoining point of Niskot and Devisthan of Malika Rural Municipality in the district.

The 26.6-metre-long bridge was constructed at the total cost of over 2.6 million rupees. With the construction of the bridge, over 283 households at the locality have been directly benefited, said users' committee chair Dut Bahadur Phagami  

The bridge was constructed with support of the District Coordination Committee. 

Meanwhile, a building for Nepal Red Cross Bhurung Tatopani sub branch office at Annapurna Rural Municipality-2 has been constructed at the total cost of over one million rupees.  RSS

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12-    Deuba's candidacy for PM registered

          Kathmandu, June 3: Nepali Congress President Sher Bahadur Deuba has registered his candidacy for the post of the Prime Minister.

          The candidacy registered at the Legislature-Parliament Secretariat this afternoon was proposed by outgoing Prime Minister and CPN (MC) Chair Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda'. Likewise, NC senior leader Ram Chandra Poudel, Nepal Democratic Forum Chair Bijaya Kumar Gachchadar, Socialist Janata Dal Chair Prem Bahadur Singh, Akhanda Nepal Party Kumar Khadka and CPN (United) leader Jayadev Joshi have seconded Deuba's candidacy.

          The filing of nominations for the post of the new Prime Minister is taking place from 11:00 am to 4:00 pm today. The election will take place in the parliament meeting to be held tomorrow.

          Earlier, the NC parliamentary party, work execution committee had decided to propose the party leader Deuba for the post of the Prime Minister. NC leader Poudel proposed Deuba's name with the responsibility of implementing the new constitution and ensuring the party's win in the remaining elections, according to NC Chief Whip Chinkaji Shrestha.

          As per the agreement with the NC, Prime Minister Prachanda resigned from his post on May 24, paving the way for the new election to the post of the Prime Minister. RSS

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13-    Over 40 metric tonnes of garbage managed from major rivers in Valley

          Kathmandu, May 3: As high as 40 metric tonnes of garbage was collected from various major rivers and ring road areas in Kathmandu Valley on Saturday.

          Around 9 metric tonnes of solid waste was managed while cleaning the Bagmati River as part of the Bagmati Clean-Up campaign that entered its 212^th week today, according to campaigner Umesh Bohra.

          On the occasion, the Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) organized bicycle rally on the stretch from Tripureswar to Ram Mandir in the Pashupati Temple area.

          A special clean-up drive was conducted in the Pashupatipati Temple area on the occasion.

          The Ministry had distributed some 100 pairs of boot, 500 pairs of gloves and similar number of masks for the participants in the event.

According to campaigner Bohra, over 500 people from various walks of life and representing several government agencies in the country joined the clean-up campaign that aims to help the holy river Bagmati regain its chastity.

Participants joining today's weekly also included personnel from security agencies including Nepal Army, Nepal Police and Nepal Police Force as well as Sisnupani Nepal, Advertising Association of Nepal and officials from the High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of the Bagmati Civilization.

In attendance in the clean up drive were Secretary at the MoEP Dr Bishwanath Oli and Pashupati Area Development Trust member-secretary Dr Govinda Tondon among other government agencies representatives and social workers.

Similarly, some 100 volunteers representing Pudasaini Maitri Samaj and Ramro Jorpati Hamro Jorpati campaign extracted two metric tonnes of solid waste from the Guiheshwori stretch of the Bagmati river, as well as the Bagmati Batika Pillar in Gokarneshower Municipality-5, according to Samaj's President Uttam Pudasaini.

Meanwhile, the Rudramati Clean-up Campaign, which is into its 171^st  week, scooped out garbage amounting to one metric tonnes from the Ram Mandir area in the Pashupatinath Temple, shared campaigner Rohit Giri.

The clean up drive saw participation of the newly elected ward's chair of ward no 30, Dal Bahadur Karki, added campaigner Giri added.

Likewise, six metric tonnes of waste products was extracted Tarkeshower Gumba in Tarkeshower Municipality-10 as the Bishumati Clean-up Campaign entered the 143^rd week today. More than 150 volunteers took part in the event.

Likewise, Tilganga Women's group collected one metric tonnes of garbage from the Tilganga stretch of the Bagmati river.

Moreover, Ring Road Clean-up Campaign that entered its 8^th week today managed 22 metric tonnes of waste from the area starting from Green City Hospital to the Taleju Petrol Pump in Samakhusi stretch.

Around 550 locals and volunteers took part in the clean-up drive. RSS

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14-    One electrocuted

          Lahan, June 3: A person was electrocuted at Nabarajpur Rural Municipality-2 in Siraha district last night.

          Local resident Bechan Mukhiya, 45, died after he came in contact with live electric current while picking up an iron rod.  Area Police Jhajhapatti said that seriously hurt Mukhiya died on the way to hospital. RSS

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(14:00)